This paper explores how information and communication technology has influenced Australia’s productivity performance in the 1990s, drawing on research undertaken by the Australian Department of Communications, Information Technology and the Arts. The research uses four different approaches to assess the robustness of earlier Australian research. All approaches point to the fact that the impact of ICT on Australian productivity is greater than previously thought. Of the approaches, the GPT modelling appears to offer the greatest potential to meet the further policy challenges in a transition to an information society.